Oceanic Island forests buried by Holocene (Meghalayan) explosive eruptions: palaeobiodiversity in pre-anthropic volcanic charcoal from Faial Island (Azores, Portugal) and its palaeoecological implications

被引：6

作者：

Gois-Marques, C. A. ^{[1
,2
,3
]}

Rubiales, J. M. ^{[4
]}

de Nascimento, L. ^{[5
]}

de Sequeira, M. Menezes ^{[3
,6
]}

Fernandez-Palacios, J. M. ^{[5
]}

Madeira, J. ^{[1
,2
]}

机构：

[1] Univ Lisbon, Dept Geol, Fac Ciencias, Edif C6, P-1749016 Lisbon, Portugal

[2] Univ Lisbon, Inst Dom Luiz, Lab Associado, P-1749016 Lisbon, Portugal

[3] Univ Madeira, Fac Ciencias Vida, Madeira Bot Grp GBM, Campus Penteada, P-9000390 Funchal, Portugal

[4] Univ Politecn Madrid, Unidad Bot, Escuela Tecn Super Ingn Montes Forestal & Medio N, Dept Sistemas & Recursos Nat, Ciudad Univ S-N, E-28040 Madrid, Spain

[5] Univ La Laguna, IUETSPC, Isl Ecol & Biogeog Grp, Avda Astrofis Francisco Sanchez S-N, San Cristobal la Laguna 38200, Spain

[6] Ctr Invest Biodivers & Recursos Genet, CIBIO, InBIO Lab Associado, P-9501801 Ponta Delgada, Azores, Portugal

来源：

REVIEW OF PALAEOBOTANY AND PALYNOLOGY | 2020年 / 273卷

关键词：

Macaronesia; Azores archipelago; Pyroclastic density current; Charcoalified wood; Mummified wood; Palaeovegetation; POTENTIAL NATURAL VEGETATION; COMPARATIVE WOOD ANATOMY; BLUEBERRY TRIBE VACCINIEAE; CANARY-ISLANDS; TENERIFE; EMPLACEMENT; EXTINCTION; EVOLUTION; JUNIPERUS; SPAIN;

D O I：

10.1016/j.revpalbo.2019.104116

中图分类号：

Q94 [植物学];

学科分类号：

071001 ;

摘要：

In Faial Island (Azores Archipelago, North Atlantic Ocean), charcoalified and mummified wood fossils have been reported within late Holocene (Meghalayan) pyroclastic deposits from the Caldeira Formation. Due to their recent age, a detailed study conveys a snapshot into Azorean palaeophytodiversity and palaeovegetation, ca. 7-5 centuries before the arrival of Portuguese settlers to the Azores Islands. Here we provide the first detailed anatomical and taxonomical study of these wood fossils. In total, 41 samples were collected from seven localities, mainly from a similar to 1200 yr BP ignimbrite. Field work revealed autochthonous and paraautochthonous assemblages, with tree trunks in upright position. The anatomical study of the fossil woods resulted in the identification of Juniperus brevifolia, Laurus azorica, Myrsine retusa, Morella faya, Picconia azorica, Prunus lusitanica subsp. azorica, and Vaccinium cylindraceum. Two fossil assemblages are comparable to the proposed potential natural vegetation (PNV) for the Azores. Surprisingly, P. lusitanica subsp. azorica was the second most abundant fossil wood suggesting that this tree was more abundant in a recent past in Faial Island and probably in the archipelago. This is corroborated by historical accounts, and its modern scarcity was certainly anthropically driven. Identifying Holocene plant macrofossils is essential to properly reconstruct oceanic islands terrestrial palaeoecosystems, especially where forests with high percentage of entomophilous taxa are underrepresented in palaeopalynological limnic record. Further work is necessary to reconstruct Faial Island and Azores archipelago palaeovegetation which is essential to provide an ecosystem base-line for restoration and management. (C) 2019 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

引用

页数：19