Structural dissection of the DNA-binding domain of the yeast transcriptional activator GAL4 reveals an α-helical region responsible for dimerization

Limited proteolysis of the DNA-binding domain (residues 1-147) of the yeast transcriptional activator GAL4 has been used to define more precisely the subdomain structure required for DNA binding and dimerization. Two regions of the protein were found to be resistant to proteolysis: the cysteine-rich, zinc-binding region (residues 6-43) and a hydrophobic sequence between residues 52 and 97. Carboxy-terminal deletion fragments of the DNA-binding domain were generated and assayed by DNase 1 footprinting. This showed that the affinity of DNA binding depends on the sequence between residues 65 and 94. Structural comparisons by UV circular dichroism (CD) were made and the difference CD spectra indicate that strong ct-helical content is found specifically in the region between residues 65 and 94, which previous studies have shown to enable dimerization and in this study the formation of a stable protein-DNA complex.