Chip-Less Real-Time Wireless Sensing of Endotracheal Intubation Tubes by Printing and Mounting Conformable Antenna Tag

Endotracheal intubation is a common medical practice for patients requiring upper airway management. An important parameter while performing intubation is the depth of insertion of the tube. However, most current solutions rely on vision-based feedback for successfully performing remote intuhation. We propose a novel application of chip-less RF sensing technology to identify the intuhation tube from the exterior and serve as an additional feedback modality, independent of the visual aid. We used printable silver conductive ink to fabricate flexible RF antennas to he deployed on the Endotracheal (ET) intuhation tubes. An interrogating antenna, connected to a network analyser, placed on top of the neck can identify the RE antenna inside the trachea during intubation in real-time. A prototype design was developed and tested with various wireless channel mediums (air, water, phantom models, and duck neck). Seven human subjects were involved in another experiment that used human fingers as a wireless medium between the antennas. Experimental results show that the proposed method can identify the presence of ET tubes by registering a significant change in the return loss magnitude (2.21 dB in phantom model and an average of 1.16 dB in human experiments) across all the med iu ms. The proposed sensing solution can be used as a viable feedback parameter for robotic control systems that aim to automate intubation with or without visual feedback.