Distributionally robust co-optimized offering for transactive multi-energy microgrids

This paper proposes a two-stage distributionally robust co-optimization model for the microgrid offering problem. This model addresses the market participation of the microgrid including offering, market-clearing and reserve activation stages and captures the information availability from the market-side and the local distributed energy resource (DER) assets during the different stages. The DER assets are modeled through state-space models that capture the joint energy and contingency reserves provision capability for distributed generators, flexible building loads and battery storage systems. Moreover, uncertainties pertaining to market -clearing process, renewable generation, solar irradiation and ambient temperature are modeled in an ambiguity set that comprises statistical characterizations. Distributionally robust optimization (DRO) is employed to generate robust, but less conservative solutions. Linear decision rules and the second-order conic reformulations are employed to ensure the computational tractability of the DRO problem. The suitability of the proposed model is demonstrated for a synthetic multi-phase microgrid with spot market data from Singapore.