Closed-form exact solutions for thick bi-directional functionally graded circular beams

Purpose There exists a clear paucity of models for curved bi-directional functionally graded (BDFG) beams wherein the material properties vary along the axis and thickness of the beam simultaneously; such structures may help fulfil practical design requirements of the future and improve structural efficiency. In this context, the purpose of this paper is to extend the analytical model developed earlier to thick BDFG circular beams by using first-order shear deformation theory which allows for a non-zero shear strain distribution through the thickness of the beam. Design/methodology/approach Smooth functional variations of the material properties have been assumed along the axis and thickness of the beam simultaneously. The governing equations developed have been solved analytically for some representative determinate circular beams. In order to ascertain the effects of shear deformation in these structures, the total strain energy has been decomposed into its bending and shear components and the effects of the beam thickness and the arch angle on the shear energy component have been studied. Findings Closed-form exact solutions involving through-the-thickness integrals carried out numerically are presented for the bending of circular beams under the action of a variety of concentrated/distributed loads. Originality/value The results clearly indicate the importance of capturing shear deformation in thick BDFG beams and demonstrate the capability of tuning the response of these beams to fit a wide variety of structural requirements.