Utilization of surplus renewable energy for a gas-fired power plant's carbon recycling considering gas storages and imposed regret of uncertainties

The advent of power-to-gas (P2G) technology has established an extensive capacity for energy systems to inte-grate and coordinate renewable energy sources (RES) with other energy suppliers. This paper employs a P2G system to coordinate with a standalone gas-fired generation unit (GFGU) to tackle the adverse impacts of greenhouse gas emissions by reducing CO2 and implementing RES. The exhausted carbon from the gas turbine is directly converted via an on-site carbon capture facility, preventing further transportation of CO2. This work considers the inflow/outflow value of gas molar in detail besides electric and thermal power input/output in each device. The mathematical relationships of all devices are explained thoroughly. The proposed GFGU-P2G utilizes wind turbine and GFGU to decrease the carbon emissions and reduce the wind curtailment. This will occur through exploiting excessive wind energy. Two gas storages of CO2 and CH4 are supplemented to the proposed model to increase the efficiency by charging/discharging gas to the system. Stochastic p-robust is applied to measure the encountered risk by solving the risk-based optimization problem. The risk is alleviated by minimizing regret through obtaining the best possible value of p for the decision-maker. Three cases have been proposed to evaluate the impacts of P2G and gas storage on GFGU with and without considering risk. The results illustrate that using P2G instead of a single GFGU will increment the expected carbon emission by 39 %. Moreover, the expected CO2 emission will decrease by 48 % and 16 % when implementing gas storage compared to standalone GFGU and P2G, separately.