Determination of the formaldehyde-to-phenol molar ratios of resol resins by infrared spectroscopy and multivariate analvsis

The formaldehyde/phenol (F/P) ratios of resol resins were successfully predicted by the recording of infrared (IR) spectra of both calibration and analyzed resins and by a multivariate analysis technique. In the creation of applicable models, the best correlating IR spectral areas were found between 1800 and 700 cm(-1). The positive effects of the increasing replicates and the omission of first-derivative preprocessing on model quality were proven by systematic testing. The characteristic statistical parameters were acceptable when the resin was similar to the calibration resins. Although the calibration samples had narrow F/P molar ratios (2.00-2.40), or a particular urea content or alkalinity, the best calibration model could also successfully predict the F/P molar ratios of resins with greater F/P ratios, higher urea contents, and lower alkalinity. (C) 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.