Facilitating inclusive ICT application and e-Commerce development in rural China

Application of information and communication technologies (ICTs) in general and e-commerce development in particular are increasingly becoming one of the important driving forces of transforming rural economy in China. Based on two sets of household survey datasets in 2015-2019, this study documents the overall trends of major ICTs' and e-commerce adoption in rural China and farmers' selling fruits online in more developed e-commerce villages in two provinces, and examines the enabling and constraining factors for farmers adopting ICTs and using e-commerce to sell products. The results show that, although the increase has been impressive, there is still plenty of room for the diffusion of ICTs and e-commerce. Empirical analyses suggest that human capital, social networks, resource endowments, ICT infrastructure and location are the main determinants of a household's or an individual's adoption of ICTs, and the producer's selling his/her fruits through e-commerce. Moreover, this study provides new and strong evidence of intergenerational support for older and less educated farmers from their children to engage in online sales. However, this study also points out that a new digital divide on the spread of ICTs and e-commerce has emerged across regions and among farmers in rural China. The article concludes with several policy implications for fostering rapid and inclusive ICT application and e-commerce development in rural areas in the coming digital era.