Antibiotic therapy for preterm premature rupture of membranes

Antibiotic treatment of the patient with preterm premature rupture of membranes remote from term significantly prolongs pregnancy and reduces amnionitis without increasing the risk of cesarean delivery. Antibiotic treatment reduces perinatal infectious morbidity including neonatal sepsis, GBS sepsis, and pneumonia. Stratified analysis of the currently available prospective trials also demonstrates a significant reduction in gestational- dependent morbidity, specifically respiratory distress and intra-ventricular hemorrhage with treatment. This is supported by a reduction in composite infant morbidity and other gestational age-dependent morbidities in the NICHDMFMU trial. Although the optimal treatment regimen has not been determined, limited duration broad spectrum antibiotic treatment is justified in the setting of conservative management of pPROM remote from term. The patient with pPROM and documented pulmonary maturity near term may benefit more from expeditious delivery than from expectant management with antibiotics.