Heterodynamic processes in Coccinella septempunctata L. (Coccinellidae: Coleoptera): a mini review

Among ladybirds, diapause has evidently been most studied in Coccinella septempunctataL. adults. Coccinella septempunctata (C-7), the seven spot, has attracted attention both in Europe and the USA for being heterogeneous as to the induction of diapause. A polyphenic character of diapause is a prominent feature in C.septempunctata and this phenomenon generally and often generates voltinism heterogeneity within populations. A greater part of the C-7 population shows an obligatory univoltine cycle, whereas a smaller proportion is facultatively polyvoltine. Coccinellas. bruckii in Japan is bivoltine, in which the first generation of adults aestivate while the second generation hibernates. This paper reviews this heterodynamic cycle and its importance in the life history of C-7, as reported from different regions of the world. Heterogeneous voltinism and diapause smooth the progress of a portion of C-7 populations to take benefit of aphids well into late summer and autumn. Understanding such variation and plasticity in the life history of this species can help in organizing proper biological control attempts using it as a biocontrol agent.