Facile synthesis and characterization of ZnO nanoparticles using Abutilon indicum leaf extract: An eco-friendly nano-drug on human microbial pathogens

The green synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) using the leaf extract of Abutilon indicum and its characterization have been investigated. UV-vis, FT-IR, Micro-Raman, XRD, and SEM investigations were used to study the optical, structural, and morphological properties of produced ZnO NPs. The antimicrobial affectivity of ZnO NPs tested by well diffusion method counter to bacteria; S. aureus, E. coli and one fungal strain; C. albicans. The absorption peak of UV-vis spectrum was observed at 377 nm. FT-IR function vibration groups had proved the existence of ZnO NPs. The Micro-Raman analysis showed low and high-intensity bands of 330 and 436 cm(-1) concerning ZnO NPs. The XRD configuration indicated the pure crystalline nature ZnO NPs formation with an approximate crystalline size at 27.89 nm. SEM images showed the structure of NPs to be a spherical shape with 10-30 nm. The ZnO NPs interact with bacterial cells by electrostatic interaction. It has enhanced the surface tension and generates reactive oxygen species (ROS), leading to bacterial lysis. Conveniently, synthesized ZnO NPs can be used against Gram(-ve) bacteria causing infectious disease in the medical field.