Observation and thermodynamic modeling of the influence of snow cover on landfast sea ice thickness in Prydz Bay, East Antarctica

The observed snow depth and ice thickness on landfast sea ice in Prydz Bay, East Antarctica, were used to determine the role of snow in (a) the annual cycle of sea ice thickness at a fixed location (SIP) where snow usually blows away after snowfall and (b) early summer sea ice thickness within the transportation route surveys (TRS) domain farther from coast, where annual snow accumulation is substantial. The annual mean snow depth and maximum ice thickness had a negative relationship (r = -0.58, p < .05) at SIP, indicating a primary insulation effect of snow on ice thickness. However, in the TRS domain, this effect was negligible because snow contributes to ice thickness. A one-dimensional thermodynamic sea ice model, forced by local weather observations, reproduced the annual cycle of ice thickness at SIP well. During the freeze season, the modeled maximum difference of ice thickness using different snowfall scenarios ranged from 0.53-0.61 m. Snow cover delayed ice surface and ice bottom melting by 45 and 24 days, respectively. The modeled snow ice and superimposed ice accounted for 4-23% and 5-8% of the total maximum ice thickness on an annual basis in the case of initial ice thickness ranging from 0.05 to 2 m, respectively.