Enabling Cross-Technology Mobile Applications with Network-Aware References

Mobile devices, such as smart phones, have become ubiquitous. This evolution has given rise to a vast ecosystem of mobile applications. Typically these applications only use a small subset of the networking technologies at their disposal. Building applications that use multiple networking technologies simultaneously or exploit knowledge about the available connections is a laborious task. Programmers must manually keep track of the connectivity state and duplicate communication code per connection type. This paper presents network-aware references, a distributed object-oriented programming abstraction that eases multi-networking for mobile applications and allows programmers to react to changes in the connectivity of different networks around them. We show how network-aware references are implemented and evaluate how well they switch between technologies.