SEASONAL AND SPATIAL PATTERNS OF TOXIGENIC SPECIES OF Dinophysis AND Pseudo-nitzschia IN A SUBTROPICAL BRAZILIAN ESTUARY

This study investigated the spatial and temporal distributions of toxigenic phytoplankton species between October 2010 and April 2012 in Guaratuba Bay, Parana state, Brazil, where aquaculture has been intensified in recent years. The highest abundances of Pseudo-nitzschia calliantha and P. pungens (up to 7.3 x 104 cells L-1), diatoms which cause amnesic shellfish poisoning (ASP), were correlated with higher values of temperature (from December to April, salinity (>20) and silicate concentrations (ranging from 6.0 to 90.0 mu m). The occurrence of these harmful diatoms in the bay also appeared to depend upon the development of seeding mechanisms in the adjacent coastal water and its subsequent advection by tidal currents to the interior of the estuary. During the study period, Pseudo-nitzschia cell abundance remained low to moderate probably as a result of growth limitation by phosphate shortage, especially in the outer area of the estuary. In addition, harmful species of Dinophysis, dinoflagellates responsible for diarrhetic shellfish poisoning (DSP) events, were recorded in every sampling campaign. The highest abundances of D. acuminata, D. caudata and D. tripos were associated with the upper halocline layer in regions of the bay where water column stratification was more frequent. On some occasions, cell abundances of D. acuminata (up to 3.2 x 10(3) cells L-1) exceeded levels considered harmful in areas used to cultivate bivalve mollusks for human consumption. These novel results strongly indicate the necessity of implementing a monitoring program for harmful microalgae in Guaratuba Bay.