Predictors of smoking cessation following physicians' counseling

Background The purpose of this study was, to identify predictors of quitting following general practitioners' (GP) anti-smoking counseling. Methods. We studied determinants (characterized following the Precede framework) of successful quitting (1 year sustained abstinence, biochemically confirmed at 6- and 12-month follow-up) among 861 smokers randomized to the intervention groups based on repeated counseling (RC), RC+spirometric testing, and RC+nicotine gum, in a smoking cessation trial carried out in Turin, Italy. Results. GPs' intervention worked best for male (OR=2.30; 95%CI, 1.13-4.52) and married (OR=3.63; 95%CI, 1.37-9.59) smokers, for smokers who had maintained abstinence for at least 1 month in the past (OR=6.78; 95%CI, 1.56-29.52) or at their first quit attempt (OR=10.91; 95%CI, 2.37-50.13), and for those who spontaneously reduced their coffee consumption (OR=3.30; 95%CI, 1.59-6.82); heavy smokers (>=20 cig/day OR=0.48; 95%CI, 0.24-0.93) and those living with other smokers (>=1 smokers in the household: OR=0.44; 95%CI, 0.22-0.90) were less likely to give up. Previous antismoking advice by the GP represented a strong barrier to success for healthy smokers (OR=0.19; 95%CI, 0.07-0.52), but not for those reporting symptoms of shortness of breath (OR=0.63; 95%CI, 0.39-9.20). There were no interactions between predictors and treatment conditions. Conclusions. Assessment of factors influencing quitting would allow GPs to tailor their message to address existing barriers and to help patients utilize their resources for change. (C) 1998 American Health Foundation and Academic Press.