Antibiotic-resistant indicator bacteria in irrigation water: High prevalence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli

被引:42
|
作者
Gekenidis, Maria-Theresia [1 ,2 ]
Qi, Weihong [3 ,4 ]
Hummerjohann, Jorg [5 ]
Zbinden, Reinhard [6 ]
Walsh, Fiona [7 ]
Drissner, David [1 ,8 ]
机构
[1] Agroscope, Microbiol Plant Foods, Wadenswil, Switzerland
[2] Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Inst Food Nutr & Hlth, Zurich, Switzerland
[3] Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Funct Genom Ctr Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
[4] Univ Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
[5] Agroscope, Microbiol Safety Foods Anim Origin, Liebefeld, Switzerland
[6] SECB, Bern, Switzerland
[7] Maynooth Univ, Dept Biol, Maynooth, Kildare, Ireland
[8] Albstadt Sigmaringen Univ, Dept Life Sci, Sigmaringen, Germany
来源
PLOS ONE | 2018年 / 13卷 / 11期
基金
瑞士国家科学基金会;
关键词
TO-EAT SALADS; ENTEROCOCCUS SPP; ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE; TREATMENT PLANTS; GENE CASSETTES; FECAL SAMPLES; FRESH PRODUCE; SEWAGE; ENTEROBACTERIACEAE; MECHANISMS;
D O I
10.1371/journal.pone.0207857
中图分类号
O [数理科学和化学]; P [天文学、地球科学]; Q [生物科学]; N [自然科学总论];
学科分类号
07 ; 0710 ; 09 ;
摘要
Irrigation water is a major source of fresh produce contamination with undesired microorganisms including antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB), and contaminated fresh produce can transfer ARB to the consumer especially when consumed raw. Nevertheless, no legal guidelines exist so far regulating quality of irrigation water with respect to ARB. We therefore examined irrigation water from major vegetable growing areas for occurrence of antibiotic-resistant indicator bacteria Escherichia coli and Enterococcus spp., including extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing E. coli and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus spp. Occurrence of ARB strains was compared to total numbers of the respective species. We categorized water samples according to total numbers and found that categories with higher total E. coli or Enterococcus spp. numbers generally had an increased proportion of respective ARB-positive samples. We further detected high prevalence of ESBL-producing E. coli with eight positive samples of thirty-six (22%), while two presumptive vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus spp. were vancomycin-susceptible in confirmatory tests. In disk diffusion assays all ESBL-producing E. coli were multidrug-resistant (n = 21) and wholegenome sequencing of selected strains revealed a multitude of transmissible resistance genes (ARG), with blaCTX-M-1 (4 of 11) and blaCTX-M-15 (3 of 11) as the most frequent ESBL genes. Overall, the increased occurrence of indicator ARB with increased total indicator bacteria suggests that the latter might be a suitable estimate for presence of respective ARB strains. Finally, the high prevalence of ESBL-producing E. coli with transmissible ARG emphasizes the need to establish legal critical values and monitoring guidelines for ARB in irrigation water.
引用
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页数:22
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