Equilibrium and Kinetic Studies on the Removal of Basic Violet 10 from Aqueous Solutions Using Activated Carbons Prepared from Industrial Wastes

Low-cost adsorbents prepared from industrial wastes such as sugarcane bagasse (BC), rice husk (RC), and textile waste cloth (TC) are identified as suitable sorbents for removing basic violet 10 (BV). Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopic (SEM) studies were carried out to characterize the prepared sorbents. The effects of dosage, time, and pH on dye removal were examined. It was observed that BV sorption takes place in acidic, neutral, and alkaline aqueous solutions. The work discussed the best-fit sorption isotherms among Freundlich and Langmuir, in addition to the reaction and diffusion-based kinetic models. Based on the data obtained, it was found that the BV sorption took place in acidic, neutral, and alkaline aqueous solutions and sorption kinetics found to be controlled by pseudo-second-order and pore diffusion models. Also, thermodynamic parameters such as Delta G(o), Delta H-o, Delta S-o, and E-a were calculated in order to understand the nature of the sorption process. The maximum dye removal capacity (DRC) was found to be 5608, 1244, and 27,495 mg/kg for BC, RC, and TC, respectively. Collectively, it can be concluded that the activated carbon sorbents, prepared from the named wastes, can used to adequately remove the basic violet dye from its aqueous waste solution.