In order to further understand the relationship between economic development and ecological environment protection along the Yangtze River, and to seek the future development direction of the region, this paper proposes a study on the coordination degree of regional economic-ecological environment coupling in the Yangtze River Economic Zone. Through the survey and statistics of 11 provinces (municipalities directly under the Central Government) in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, the mechanism of economic-ecological environment coupling coordination degree is defined, and the evaluation index system is constructed based on the scientific and typical characteristics of the Yangtze River region through comprehensive expert suggestions. To ensure the objectivity and accuracy of the evaluation results, based on the scores of ecological environment and economic development, we construct the Yangtze River Economic Belt regional economy-ecological environment coupling coordination model, use the indicators to calculate the economic-ecological environment coupling degree, and analyze the Yangtze River Economic Belt Economic-ecological coupling and coordination degree. The results of the study show that due to the influence of regions and comprehensive economic capabilities, the eastern provinces and cities in the coastal cities of the Yangtze River Economic Belt have the highest degree of coupling and coordination, and the western provinces and cities have the lowest degree of coupling and coordination. After comprehensive analysis, it is found that only sustainable development of ecological environment protection and long-term economic development can continuously optimize the Yangtze River Economic Belt.