Relation Risk Factors with Latent Tuberculosis Infection (LTBI) in HIV Patients

Introduction: By 2015, 9.6 million people are infected tuberculosis globally, including 1.2 million people living with HIV. HIV positive patients have a risk of latent TB infection of about 5-8% per year and the risk of developing active TB three times higher than that of the immunocompetent individuals. The impact of HIV infection on the immune system is that CD4+ T cells destruction leads to a quantitative decrease in CD4+ T cells. This study aims to determine the relation of risk factors of LTBI in patients with HIV. Methods: Observational research with cross-sectional design at Moewardi Hospital, Surakarta. The first step is patient and family history for a recording of baseline data, duration of antiretroviral therapy, CD4+ examination, weight and height measurements to calculate body mass index (BMI), serum albumin test, immunologic examination of Tuberculin Skin Test. Results: A total of 93 people meet the criteria. There was no correlation between the history of close contact with active tuberculosis and ITBL in HIV patients (OR=1.268; 95% CI 1.139-1.411; p = 0.5), there was a significant association of BMI with ITBL in HIV patients (OR = 1.345; 95% CI 1.177-1.538; p = 0.01), no association of serum albumin with ITBL in HIV patients (OR = 1.284; 95% CI 1.147-1.436; p = 0.19), there was a significant association of CD4+ classification in HIV patients (OR = 3,560; 95% CI 1.214-10.433; p = 0.033), there was a significant association between duration of antiretroviral therapy and ITBL in HIV patients (OR = 5.488; 95% CI 1.775-16.973; p=0.004). Conclusion: HIV patients with classification advanced and severe immunosuppressive, BMI underweight and duration of antiretroviral therapy <= 12 months require monitoring to reduce ITBL risk.