EMG-based muscle fatigue assessment during dynamic contractions using principal component analysis

A novel approach to fatigue assessment during dynamic contractions was proposed which projected multiple surface myoelectric parameters onto the vector connecting the temporal start and end points in feature-space in order to extract the long-term trend information. The proposed end to end (ETE) projection was compared to traditional principal component analysis (PCA) as well as neural-network implementations of linear (LPCA) and non-linear PCA (NLPCA). Nine healthy participants completed two repetitions of fatigue tests during isometric, cyclic and random fatiguing contractions of the biceps brachii. The fatigue assessments were evaluated in terms of a modified sensitivity to variability ratio (SVR) and each method used a set of time-domain and frequency-domain features which maximized the SVR. It was shown that there was no statistical difference among ETE, PCA and LPCA (p > 0.99) and that all three outperformed NLPCA (p < 0.0022). Future work will include a broader comparison of these methods to other new and established fatigue indices. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.