Race, gender, and constrained work trips in Buffalo, NY, 1990

This study investigates whether women's short commutes should be interpreted as constrained or convenient work trips by examining how race, gender, travel mode, occupation, residential location, workplace location, and income affect commuting dme. The analysis is restricted to a sample of European American and African American male and female workers residing in Buffalo, Neu York, and the surrounding county using data drawn from the Public Use Microdata Samples of the 1990 U.S. census. Given the pervasive gender wage gap, women unsurprisingly have more compromised (short commutes to low-income jobs) and constrained (long commutes to low-income jobs) work trips than do men. Multivariate analysis reveals that among those who reverse commute so suburban locations, African American women have the longest work trips.