Delayed primary closure of deep sternal wound infections

Deep infections of the sternum and mediastinum, with prevalence of osteomyelitis and tissue necrosis, were documented in 38 of 8,056 patients (0.47%) who underwent open-heart surgery (1975 through 1994) in our service. The incidences of insulin-dependent diabetes, obesity, and emergency surgery in these patients were relatively high at 39%, 47%, and 18%, respectively Treatment with antibiotics, debridement open packing, and delayed closure was administered to 33 patients (87%), with 100% healing. There were no deaths in this group. Flap reconstruction was indicated in 5 gravely iii patients (13%) in whom excessively large wound defects did not allow reapproximation. There were 2 deaths in this group, and 4 reoperations were necessary in the surviving patients because of sequelae arising from flap reconstruction. The overall mortality was 5.3% and the median period of hospitalization was 29 days. The length of stay decreased substantially over the period of this study (median = 21 days, year greater than or equal to 1987). Accordingly we believe that treatment of deep sternal infections with delayed primary closure is safe and effective. Also, given the increased potential for complications and long-term sequelae, we believe that flap reconstruction should be used selectively and should be limited to patients with large defects, uncontrolled mediastinal bleeding or both.