Uric acid, carotid intima-media thickness and body composition in prepubertal children

BackgroundIncreased uric acid is an independent biomarker for cardiovascular disease in obese adolescents and adults. ObjectiveWe investigated whether uric acid relates to carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) in prepubertal children, and whether body mass index (BMI) and preperitoneal fat modulate this association. Methods359 asymptomatic prepubertal Caucasian children were stratified according to BMI categories (171 with BMI-SDS<0; 188 with BMI-SDS0) and according to preperitoneal fat levels (180 with preperitoneal fat <50th centile; 179 with preperitoneal fat >50th centile). Uric acid levels, insulin resistance (homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance; HOMA-IR), C-reactive protein (CRP), triacylglycerol (TG), systolic blood pressure (SBP), abdominal fat and cIMT (both by ultrasound) were assessed. ResultsUric acid was associated with several cardiovascular risk factors, namely higher HOMA-IR, CRP, TG, BMI, waist, SBP, preperitoneal fat and cIMT (all P<0.001 to P<0.0001). Significant BMI and preperitoneal fat interactions were documented in the relationship between uric acid and cIMT (both P<0.05), as uric acid was preferentially related to cIMT in heavier children (=0.247, P<0.001, r(2)=9.1%) and in children with more preperitoneal fat (=0.263, P<0.0001, r(2)=11.9%). ConclusionsSerum uric acid is associated with cIMT in asymptomatic prepubertal children. Both higher BMI and preperitoneal fat aggravate the potential risk of atherosclerotic disease imposed by higher concentrations of uric acid.