Massive Sandstone Falling Analysis and Design Barriers Along National Highway No. 2013 in Phitsanulok Province, Thailand: A Case Study

Rockfalls are a natural phenomenon that can cause damage to infrastructure and endanger lives. They are commonly found in mountainous areas and those with steep terrain. Therefore, this research aimed to assess and analyze the rockfalls along National Highway No. 2013, located in Nakhon Thai District, Phitsanulok Province. The study involved slope topography, geological rock structures, rock block sizes and their weight, kinetic energy, block falling velocity, and trajectory. The topography and geometry of the slopes were measured using an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), which were compared to field measurement. Geological structures were also observed in the field. The essential parameters for serious risk of massive falling in several sections along the highway were evaluated. The rock falling trajectory was analyzed using RocFall software. The rock mass bounce height of 150 falling rock masses on three different slope sections was simulated. Rockfall protection structures were also designed and proposed based on the simulation results.