Effect of water deficit and flooding on the growth of Brachiaria species in the field

Two experiments were carried out from December/1997 to June/1998. One experiment was performed on hilly area e and the second one on lowland area. These experiments aimed to evaluate the tolerance to flooding and low soil water potential of three commercial Brachiaria species (B. decumbens cv. Basilisk, B. brizantha cv. Marandu a B. mutica) and three acesses (B. brizantha B-11, B. humidicola cv. Tupi and B. dictyoneura). Morphogenetical, productive and plant water status were the variables assessed. In each experiment the species were distributed in randomized blocks with six replications. Each plot had eight 2 m rows, spaced 0.25 m from each other. During the establishment phase both experimental areas were irrigated, if required. Nineteen days after uniformization clipping, the experiment on the lowland was daily flooded with a 56 mm of water lamina over 30 days, while the irrigation was supressed on the hilly area. Flooding was more detrimental to the morphogenetic traits of the Brachiaria species than water deficit. All species exhibited lower rate of leaf elongation under flooding but their leaf appearance and senescence rate responses to flooding varied with the species. Rate of leaf blade appearance in B. dictioneaura, B. mutica and B. brizantha cv. Marundu was higher under water deficit than under flooding; leaf blade senecence rate was higher under flooding, particularly in B. decumbens and B. brizantha cv. Marandu and B-11. Flooding and water deficit effects on the productive traits varied with species. Green shoot biomass production was higher in B-11 under water deficit but in B. dictyoneura and B. mutica these values tended to be higher under flooding. Higher leaf area index figures were observed under water deficit only for B. brizantha Marandu and B-11. Under flooding basal tiller population was higher in B. dictyoneura. B. humidicola showed little variation with stress situation for most studied traits, while B. brizantha B-11 performed better under water deficit than under flooding.