Open Data, Crowdsourcing, and City Planning A Novel Perspective on Public Participation in Planning and Public Governance

With the development of information technologies, open data released by central and local governments and crowdsourcing means are emerging in China. In this article, we first address this phenomenon by describing open data source, open data, and crowdsourcing datasets. We secondly address case studies on using open data are elaborated, most of which are developed by a recently-established network city lab Beijing City Lab (BCL, http://longy.jimdo.com). Lastly, we address the potential opportunities for public participation in urban planning and public governance for urban management in detail.