The Cytocompatibility of Nano-TiO2 Thin Film Fabricated by Layer-by-Layer Assembly Technique

Nanosized TiO2 with suitable dimensions has been observed to enhance the functions of bone cells; however, the most effective type of nano-TiO2 remains unknown. The Layer-by-Layer (LBL) self-assembly technique has been wildly used to fabricate multilayer thin films of controlled composition, thickness, and architecture. Therefore, to find an appropriate material for orthopedic surgical usage, this study investigates the cytocompatibility and cell activity (using MC-3T3-E1 cells) of nano-TiO2 thin films fabricated by LBL. Four types of nano-TiO2 thin films were synthesized. Surface roughness w measured by field emission scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Hydrophilicity was measured using the contact angle meter. Cell attachment to the materials was observed using SEM. Fluorescent dyes were used to observe the generation of reactive oxygen species and DNA damage. Apoptosis was measured through lactate dehydrogenase leakage assay. The 2-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazol-2-yl)-3,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium (MTT) assay was used to determine the viability of the cells attached to the materials. This new film was found to produce better cell proliferation and function; it is comparatively cytocompatible, and therefore may be a better material for orthopedic surgery.