Institutionalizing peer-mediated instruction and interventions in schools -: Beyond "train and hope"

The researchers featured in this special issue of Remedial and Special Education describe how they have worked toward the development, implementation, and institutionalization of peer-mediated instruction and interventions (PMII) that teachers find practical and useful for their heterogenous learners. In this article, the concept of institutionalization is examined as it relates to paradigms, systems change, and individual change. Guidelines for knowing when to institutionalize are provided,and generalization techniques familiar to special educators are linked specifically to institutionalization of PMII. Barriers and promoters of sustained PMII in schools are identified,with implications for how stakeholders need to continue to push forward on barriers and celebrate successes.