Optimal dispatching strategy and real-time pricing for multi-regional integrated energy systems based on demand response

With the penetration of multiple distributed energy sources, demand side management (DSM) of the regional integrated energy system (RIES) becomes more complicated in the energy market. Real-time pricing (RTP) is an effective method for DSM, which can flexibly guide the supply and demand sides to adjust their behavior to participate in demand response (DR). In this paper, a hierarchical energy system is studied including multiple RIESs with multiple energy dispatch and supplement. To maximize the social welfare, a bilevel programming model is developed, in which the upper level aims at maxi-mizing the profits of the supplier, and the lower level aims at maximizing the RIESs' welfare. Then, the proposed bilevel model is transformed into a mixed integer quadratic programming model using duality theory and Karush-Kuhn-Tucker conditions. Furthermore, the RTP strategy is obtained, and the optimal energy scheme of RIES is given in the solution. Compared simulations in different scenarios, the total social welfare is increased by about 14.12%, the peak-to-valley difference of power load and carbon emissions are reduced by 16.99% and 5.7% respectively after DR. The results show that the proposed bilevel model under the RTP is conducive to social economy and environment. (c) 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.