[1] Nanya Inst Technol, Dept Culinary Arts, Taoyuan, Taiwan
[2] Fu Jen Catholic Univ, Dept Restaurant Hotel & Inst Management, 510 Zhongzheng Rd, New Taipei 24205, Taiwan
[3] Canisius Coll, Kinesiol Dept, Baffalo, NY USA
[4] Wakayama Univ, Grad Sch Tourism, Wakayama, Japan
[5] Hanyang Univ, Grad Sch Business, Seoul, South Korea