Efimov Physics and Connections to Nuclear Physics

Physical systems characterized by a shallow two-body bound or virtual state are governed at large distances by continuous scale invariance, which is broken into discrete scale invariance when three or more particles come into play. This symmetry induces a universal behavior for different systems that is independent of the details of the underlying interaction and rooted in the smallness of the ratio l/a(B) << 1, where the length a(B) is associated with the binding energy of the two-body system E-2 = (h) over bar (2)/ma(B)(2), and l is the natural length given by the interaction range. Efimov physics refers to this universal behavior, which is often hidden by the onset of system-specific nonuniversal effects. In this review, we identify universal properties by providing an explicit link of physical systems to their unitary limit, in which a(B) -> infinity, and we show that nuclear systems belong to this class of universality.