Hospital Volume and Mortality of Very Low-Birthweight Infants in South America

Objective To assess the effects of hospital volume of very low-birthweight (VLBW) infants on in-hospital mortality of VLBW and very preterm birth (VPB) infants in South America. Data Sources/Study Setting Birth-registry data for infants born in 19822008 at VLBW or very preterm in 66 hospitals in Argentina, Brazil, and Chile. Design Regression analyses that adjust for several individual-level demographic, socioeconomic, and health factors; hospital-level characteristics; and country-fixed effects are employed. Data Collection/Extraction Methods Physicians interviewed mothers before hospital discharge and abstracted hospital medical records using similar methods at all hospitals. Principal Findings Volume has significant nonlinear beneficial effects on VLBW and VPB in-hospital survival. The largest survival benefitsmore than 80 percent decrease in mortality ratesare with volume increases from low to medium or medium-high levels (from =25 to 72 infants annually) with significantly lower incremental benefits thereafter. The cumulative volume effects are maximized at the 121144 annual VLBW infant rangeabout 90 percent decrease in mortality rates compared to <25 VLBW infants annually. Conclusions Increasing the access of pregnancies at-risk of VLBW and VPB to medium- or high-volume hospitals up to 144 VLBW infants per year may substantially improve in-hospital infant survival in the study countries.