The system Rb3PO4-Ba-3(PO4)(2) was investigated by thermoanalytical methods, X-ray powder diffraction, ICP, and FT-IR. On the basis of the obtained results its phase diagram was proposed. For this system with one intermediate compound, BaRbPO4, we found that this compound melts congruently at 1700 A degrees C, exhibits a polymorphic transition at 1195 A degrees C and is high-temperature unstable. Also, the intermediate compound was subject to gradual decomposes to Ba-3(PO4)(2) (the solid phase) and vaporization (with conversion of phosphorus and rubidium oxides into vapor phase). We also found that Rb3PO4 melts congruently at 1450 A degrees C and shows a polymorphic transition at 1040 A degrees C. Regarding Ba-3(PO4)(2), we have confirmed that it melts congruently at 1605 A degrees C and exhibits a polymorphic transition at 1360 A degrees C.