Photoplethysmography-Based Ambulatory Heartbeat Monitoring Embedded into a Dedicated Bracelet

Ambulatory electrocardiogram (ECG) monitors have been intensely used since half century but are still associated to clinical/ambulatory cumbersome procedures. The question of this research is the following: what is the performance of a photoplethysmography (PPG)-based device located at the wrist in terms of heart rate variability (HRV) monitoring? PPG and ECG signals were recorded simultaneously on 4 subjects. Heart-beat (RR) intervals were estimated from both devices. For PPG signals, a multi-sensors approach based on the detection of local minima of the time-derivative was used to estimate RR time series. For ECG signals, an approach based on adaptive threshold was used (gold standard). The normalized differences observed on time-domain and frequency-domain HRV features were computed. Results based on 1565 minutes of recordings (N=94;000) showed an averaged correlation around 0.9 between the HRV features extracted from the PPG and ECG-based device. In view of these results, it appears that the wrist sensor opens the door towards a new generation of comfortable and easy-to-use cardiac HRV tool especially well adapted for long-term monitoring.