On the evaluation of the occurrence of the Fusarium-toxins deoxynivalenol (DON), zearalenone (ZON) and their metabolites in physiological substrates of the pig

Objective:The analysis of blood and bile of the pig for residues of the Fusarium toxins deoxynivalenol (DON) and zearalenone (ZON) and their metabolites is often used for proving an exposure of pigs to these toxins. The evaluation of the clinical relevance of such results is discussed controversially in practice. Hence, the aim of the present review was to discuss all those factors which facilitate the interpretation of toxin residue results. Material and methods: In particular, the concentrations of DON and ZON in diets-with special consideration of critical concentrations and background contamination -were contrasted with the toxin residue concentrations in the physiological substrates. For this purpose, a number of dose-response studies including piglets, fattening pigs and gilts were evaluated. Aspects of the toxicokinetics and analytical methods were critically discussed with regard to the interpretation of the analytical results and the possibilities of the derivation of upper limits for DON and ZON in blood and bile. Conclusions: The analysis of the diets for both toxins often provides a better basis for the evaluation of the toxin exposure of the pigs if the diet can be assigned indisputably. Therefore, the feed analysis has a great prophylactic importance in monitoring the feed hygienic status for preventing of intoxications by ZON and DON. Clinical relevance: Positive results of DON and ZON in blood and bile have only a very limited relevance for the evaluation of a critical dietary exposure of pigs.