Effect of pH on skin permeation enhancement of acidic drugs by 1-menthol-ethanol system

The effect of pH on the skin permeation enhancement of three acidic drugs by the 1-menthol-ethanol system was investigated. The total flux of acidic drugs from the system remarkably varied over the pH range 3.0-8.0, and the permeation enhancement factor depended on the system pH and drug. A skin permeation model, which consists of two permeant (unionized and ionized) species, two system (oily and aqueous) phases, and two permeation (lipid and pore) pathways, was developed. The assumptions were made that only the unionized species can distribute to the oily phase and transport via the lipid pathway. The model explained the relationship between the concentration of drug in the aqueous phase and system pH. The skin permeability data were also described by the model and permeability coefficients corresponding to the physicochemical properties of permeant were calculated for the lipid and pore pathways. The model simulation showed that the permeation of acidic drugs: occurred from the aqueous phase and the oily phase acted as a reservoir. Whether the total flux increased with increase of pH was dependent on the lipophilicity of drug. These results suggest that the pH of 1-menthol-ethanol system should be given attention to elicit the maximum permeation enhancement. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.