Cellular automata based traffic model that allows the cars to move with a small velocity during congestion

A typical non-zero velocity of traffic is observed in congestion, which the classical CA (cellular automata) based traffic models fail to reproduce properly. This paper proposes a traffic model to address the issue. The proposed model is motivated from the properties of rule 226 CA, which can deterministically model such continuous movement of cars during congestion. The reported model allows a continuous flow of traffic with small (non-zero) velocity in congestion, as well as can reproduce the traffic data observed empirically on highways. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.