Development of n-in-p pixel modules for the ATLAS upgrade at HL-LHC

Thin planar pixel modules are promising candidates to instrument the inner layers of the new ATLAS pixel detector for HL-LHC, thanks to the reduced contribution to the material budget and their high charge collection efficiency after irradiation. 100-200 mu m thick sensors, interconnected to FE-14 read-out chips, have been characterized with radioactive sources and beam tests at the CERN-SPS and DESY. The results of these measurements are reported for devices before and after irradiation up to a fluence of 14 x 10(15) n(eq)/cm(2). The charge collection and tracking efficiency of the different sensor thicknesses are compared. The outlook for future planar pixel sensor production is discussed, with a focus on sensor design with the pixel pitches (50 x 50 and 25 x 100 mu m(2)) foreseen for the RD53 Collaboration read-out chip in 65 nm CMOS technology. An optimization of the biasing structures in the pixel cells is required to avoid the hit efficiency loss presently observed in the punch-through region after irradiation. For this purpose the performance of different layouts have been compared in FE-14 compatible sensors at various fluence levels by using beam test data. Highly segmented sensors will represent a challenge for the tracking in the forward region of the pixel system at HL-LHC. In order to reproduce the performance of 50 x 50 mu m(2) pixels at high pseudo-rapidity values, FE-14 compatible planar pixel sensors have been studied before and after irradiation in beam tests at high incidence angle (80 degrees) with respect to the short pixel direction. Results on cluster shapes, charge collection and hit efficiency will be shown. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.