Fractal Antenna Design with Slotted Partial Ground For Breast Tumor Detection

This work purports an innovative hybrid fractal antenna design (circular and rectangular sierpinski fractal)for the detection of breast tumor, engaging minimal footprint and boasting remarkable and competent results. The antenna displays the dimensions of 38x35x0.75 mm(3) for the substrate. It employs partial ground bearing the length of 8mm in order to enhance the bandwidth and to acquire the desired frequency of operation. The antenna is imprinted on Duriod substrate with the relative permittivity of 2.2. It possesses incredible flexibility and is highly resistant to thermal shocks. The fractal design has 6 iterations, consisting of rectangular and circular fractals and operates in the sub-6 GHz band (3.4 GHz to 6 GHz) and low (under 1 GHz) frequency bands. The antenna and the breast phantom are designed in HFSS software. The breast phantom is comprised of 3 layers (fat, fibro and skin) and the tumor has different physical and electro-magnetic properties parameters. The breast phantom with and without tumor exhibits a noticeable difference in the results for S-11, S-21, gain, and radiation pattern, underlining the tumour's presence and making its detection possible.