Dysphagia in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: Quantification of bulbar motor dysfunction

Background Dysphagia as a sequel and possible early sign of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is caused by progressive impaired bulbar motor function. Objective To evaluate bulbar motor dysfunction in patients suffering from ALS compared to a healthy reference group. Methods A clinical study and prospective group comparison was designed. Patients and healthy volunteers were examined in the outpatient clinic of our university medical center. Ten patients with ALS and 20 healthy volunteers were included. All participants underwent a flexible endoscopic evaluation of swallowing (FEES) and a manometric measurement of the maximal sub-palatal atmospheric pressure generated by suction as well as of the prevalent pressure during swallowing. Additionally, the Sydney Swallow Questionnaire (SSQ) was completed by all participants to score the self-rated extent of dysphagia. Results Comparing maximal suction pressures, the group of patients showed significantly lower values (p < .001). There was a significant correlation between reduced pressures and the degree of dysphagia (SSQ score) (r = -0.73). Conclusions As the oral cavity is an easily accessible compartment of the upper digestive tract, manometric measurements might serve as a simple instrument in order to detect or to monitor bulbar motor dysfunction. Oral manometry may facilitate early detection and monitoring of dysphagia in ALS. Larger studies are required to confirm our findings.