Energy-efficient and reliable wireless sensor networks - an extension to IEEE 802.15.4e

Collecting sensor data in industrial environments from up to some tenth of battery-powered sensor nodes with sampling rates up to 100 Hz requires energy-aware protocols, which avoid collisions and long listening phases. The IEEE 802.15.4 standard focuses on energy-aware wireless sensor networks (WSNs) and the Task Group 4e has published an amendment to fulfill up to 100 sensor value transmissions per second per sensor node (low latency deterministic network (LLDN) mode) to satisfy demands of factory automation. To improve the reliability of the data collection in the star topology of the LLDN mode, we propose a relay strategy, which can be performed within the LLDN schedule. Furthermore, we propose an extension of the star topology to collect data from two-hop sensor nodes. The proposed retransmission mode enables power savings in the sensor node of more than 33%, while reducing the packet loss by up to 40%. To reach this performance, an optimum spatial distribution is necessary, which is discussed in detail.