Watermarking of uncompressed and compressed video

被引:508
|
作者
Hartung, F [1 ]
Girod, B [1 ]
机构
[1] Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Telecommun Inst 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
关键词
digital watermarking; copyright protection; compressed video; MPEG-2; MPEG-4; DVD;
D O I
10.1016/S0165-1684(98)00011-5
中图分类号
TM [电工技术]; TN [电子技术、通信技术];
学科分类号
0808 ; 0809 ;
摘要
In this paper, methods for embedding additive digital watermarks into uncompressed and compressed video sequences are presented. The basic principle borrows from spread spectrum communications. It consists of addition of an encrypted, pseudo-noise signal to the video that is invisible, statistically unobtrusive, and robust against manipulations. For practical applications, watermarking schemes operating on compressed video are desirable. A method for watermarking of MPEG-2 encoded video is presented. The scheme is a compatible extension of the scheme operating on uncompressed video. The watermark is generated exactly in the same manner as for uncompressed video, transformed using the discrete cosine transform (DCT) and embedded into the MPEG-2 bit-stream without increasing the bit-rate. The watermark can be retrieved from the decoded video and without knowledge of the original, unwatermarked video. Although an existing MPEG-2 bit-stream is partly altered, the scheme avoids visible artifacts by addition of a drift compensation signal. The proposed method is robust and of much lower complexity than a complete decoding process followed by watermarking in the pixel domain and re-encoding. Fast implementations exist which have a complexity comparable to a video decoder. Experimental results are given. The scheme is also applicable to other hybrid transform coding schemes like MPEG-1, MPEG-4, H.261, and H.263. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
引用
收藏
页码:283 / 301
页数:19
相关论文
共 50 条
  • [1] Compressed vs. uncompressed domain video watermarking
    Duta, S.
    Mitrea, M.
    Preteux, F.
    [J]. MATHEMATICS OF DATA/IMAGE PATTERN RECOGNITION, COMPRESSION, CODING, AND ENCRYPTION X, WITH APPLICATIONS, 2007, 6700
  • [2] Digital watermarking of uncompressed video in spatial domain
    Tokar, Tamas
    Kanocz, Tomas
    Levicky, Dusan
    [J]. PROCEEDINGS OF 19TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE RADIOELEKTRONIKA 2009, 2009, : 317 - 320
  • [3] Techniques for fast partitioning of compressed and uncompressed video
    Adjeroh, DA
    Lee, MC
    Orji, CU
    [J]. MULTIMEDIA TOOLS AND APPLICATIONS, 1997, 4 (02) : 225 - 243
  • [4] Techniques for Fast Partitioning of Compressed and Uncompressed Video
    Donald A. Adjeroh
    M.C. Lee
    Cyril U. Orji
    [J]. Multimedia Tools and Applications, 1997, 4 : 225 - 243
  • [5] Uncompressed Video Quality Metric Based on Watermarking Technique
    Sadiq, Ahmed T.
    Salih, Wafaa M.
    [J]. 2013 FIRST INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMMUNICATIONS SIGNAL PROCESSING, AND THEIR APPLICATIONS (ICCSPA'13), 2013,
  • [6] Robust compressed video watermarking
    Jin, J
    Guan, YL
    [J]. SECURITY AND WATERMARKING OF MULTIMEDIA CONTENTS II, 2000, 3971 : 477 - 485
  • [7] Watermarking and streaming compressed video
    Harmanci, Oztan
    Mihcak, M. Kivanc
    Tekalp, A. Murat
    [J]. 2007 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ACOUSTICS, SPEECH, AND SIGNAL PROCESSING, VOL I, PTS 1-3, PROCEEDINGS, 2007, : 833 - +
  • [8] Compressed Video Watermarking Technique
    Biswas, Satyendra N.
    Hasan, Touhidul
    DasGupta, Shuvashis
    Das, Sunil R.
    Groza, Voicu
    Petriu, Emil M.
    Assaf, Mansour H.
    [J]. 2013 IEEE INTERNATIONAL INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE (I2MTC), 2013, : 1790 - 1794
  • [9] Uncompressed Digital Video Watermarking Using Stationary Wavelet Transform
    Ramkumar, G.
    Manikandan, M.
    [J]. 2014 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ADVANCED COMMUNICATION CONTROL AND COMPUTING TECHNOLOGIES (ICACCCT), 2014, : 1252 - 1258
  • [10] A unified approach to scene change detection in uncompressed and compressed video
    Fernando, WAC
    Canagarajah, CN
    Bull, DR
    [J]. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CONSUMER ELECTRONICS, 2000, 46 (03) : 769 - 779