Lifetime hormone profiles for a long-lived teleost: opercula reveal novel estimates of age-specific reproductive parameters and stress trends in yelloweye rockfish (Sebastes ruberrimus)

Fisheriesmanagement relies on accurate populationmodels for estimating biomass and setting harvest goals; however, physiological data for estimating reproductive parameters in populationmodels are difficult to acquire. Here, lifetime reproductive (progesterone and estradiol) and stress-related (cortisol) hormones were measured in annually deposited growth increments in female yelloweye rockfish (Sebastes ruberrimus) opercula (N = 22 females, sampled ages 1-90 years). Analyses of these profiles (similar to 1-year resolution) provided estimates of physiological (complete puberty) and functional age of sexual maturity (females spawn and contribute larvae to the population) and spawning frequency, with lifetime trends of reproduction and stress. The descriptive mean age of physiological sexual maturity was 11 +/- 1 years (standard error (SE)), whereas functional age of maturity was 17 +/- 2 years. The estimate of marginal mean spawning frequency was 45.1% +/- 5.1%. Stress data (similar to 15% of females experienced distress events) suggested that females were potentially resilient or not exposed to chronic stressors. Although preliminary, we provide a novel method to estimate age-specific reproductive parameters for proper age-based population modeling of a human-targeted teleost.