A systematic review in prosthetics and orthotics education research

Background: Formal prosthetic/orthotic education has evolved greatly since its inception in the 1950s. The International Society for Prosthetics and Orthotics has established guidelines and recognition for prosthetic/orthotic programs worldwide. However, the current state-of-the-science in prosthetic/orthotic education is largely unknown. Objectives: To evaluate and synthesize available prosthetic/orthotic education research. Study design: Systematic review. Methods: Three bibliographic databases were searched and quality of included articles assessed using criteria from the National Institutes for Health Quality Assessment Tool for Observational Cohort, Cross-Sectional Studies, and the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme Qualitative Research Checklist, and Delphi quality criteria. Results: This review included 25 articles from 23 studies. Included studies explored description, development, implementation, and/or assessment of the teaching/learning methods, curriculum, program, or country/region level. Studies were conducted in 18 countries and published in 14 journals. Methodological quality was rated high in 6 articles, moderate in 6, and low in 13. Content synthesis was not attempted due to the heterogeneous literature. Conclusion: This systematic review suggests that prosthetic/orthotic education research is only being conducted at a limited level. There is a strong need for high quality, collaborative education research to be conducted and published in peer-reviewed journals to improve prosthetic/orthotic education and build a global conversation.