Interactive Energy Management for Enhancing Power Balances in Multi-Microgrids

This paper proposes a bi-layer game-theoretic framework for the interactive energy management (IEM) of multi-microgrids (MMGs) under the presence of uncertainties imposed by both supply and demand sides. The higher-layer of the framework manages the energy trading and the consumption behavior for each microgrid (MG) within a slow timescale, where its operation cost model is designed in terms of economic factors and users' willingness. The lower-layer runs at higher frequency that relies on a model predictive control approach, and adjusts the operations of MGs to minimize the difference between the planned strategies generated by the higher-layer and the real ones. In doing so, the supply and demand uncertainties as well as the outage events can be handled properly. As the internal prices are adjusted with system net load, the power balance levels in MMG would be enhanced by minimizing operation cost. On this basis, the energy trading among MGs can be achieved directly without an intermediary. We design a decentralized interactive algorithm to implement the bilayer IEM framework by using the Nash equilibrium concept. Furthermore, the emergency situation is covered to enhance the resilience of the system. Numerical simulations on a practical MMG verify the effectiveness of the proposed models.