D-Amino Acids and D-Amino Acid-Containing Peptides: Potential Disease Biomarkers and Therapeutic Targets?

被引:49
|
作者
Abdulbagi, Mohamed [1 ]
Wang, Liya [1 ]
Siddig, Orwa [1 ]
Di, Bin [1 ,2 ,3 ]
Li, Bo [1 ,2 ,3 ]
机构
[1] China Pharmaceut Univ, Dept Pharmaceut Anal, Nanjing 210009, Peoples R China
[2] China Pharmaceut Univ, Ctr Key Lab Prot Chem & Struct Biol, Nanjing 210009, Peoples R China
[3] China Pharmaceut Univ, MOE Key Lab Drug Qual Control & Pharmacovigilance, Nanjing 210009, Peoples R China
基金
中国国家自然科学基金;
关键词
D-amino acids; DAACPs; biomarker; therapeutic targets; LC-MS; D-Asp; D-Ser; ASPARTIC-ACID; ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; OXIDATIVE STRESS; MARFEYS REAGENT; SERINE RACEMASE; AGE ESTIMATION; MS/MS METHOD; PROTEINS; RESIDUES;
D O I
10.3390/biom11111716
中图分类号
Q5 [生物化学]; Q7 [分子生物学];
学科分类号
071010 ; 081704 ;
摘要
In nature, amino acids are found in two forms, L and D enantiomers, except for glycine which does not have a chiral center. The change of one form to the other will lead to a change in the primary structure of proteins and hence may affect the function and biological activity of proteins. Indeed, several D-amino acid-containing peptides (DAACPs) were isolated from patients with cataracts, Alzheimer's and other diseases. Additionally, significant levels of free D-amino acids were found in several diseases, reflecting the disease conditions. Studying the molecular mechanisms of the DAACPs formation and the alteration in D-amino acids metabolism will certainly assist in understanding these diseases and finding new biomarkers and drug targets. In this review, the presence of DAACPs and free D-amino acids and their links with disease development and progress are summarized. Similarly, we highlight some recent advances in analytical techniques that led to improvement in the discovery and analysis of DAACPs and D-amino acids.
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页数:14
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