Manipulation of callus after linear distraction - Final results of short term and long term effects after major angulation procedures of the mandible in a canine model

Three-dimensional distraction is a complex process, its final quality depending on meticulous planning, transmission of planning and control of multiplanar distraction. However, in practice even these conditions do not guarantee the preplanned final results. Based on own clinical experiences with successful manipulation of newly created callus, an experimental study should answer the question to what extent fresh callus could be manipulated without compromising osseous healing in order to achieve precise final results. Defined manipulation was performed in beagle mandibles to investigate short term and long term effects of callus angulation. A regenerate 10mm of length was angulated for 20 degrees or 30 degrees immediately after linear distraction ended. After a 7 days consolidation, mineralization revealed individual differences independant of the degree of manipulation. There were no vascular tears or stasis observed. After a 6 week consolidation period osseous healing was delayed in the streched basal zone, whereas the compressed crestal area revealed osseous bridging. Under long term aspects (consolidation 13 weeks) this delay was compensated histologically and mechanically.