The propagating species in living cationic polymerization: Living nature and steric structure of polymers

This paper discusses the nature of the living growing. species in cationic polymerization from the viewpoint of the steric structure of poly(isobutyl vinyl ether) [poly(IBVE)]. At -78 degrees C, living polymerization was induced: with the HCl-IBVE adduct (1)/ZnCl2 system in a EtNO2/CH2Cl2 mixture, whereas similar systems with EtAlCl2 led to conventional cationic polymerization. In this polar medium, both systems gave polymers with very similar and low isotacticity (meso approximate to 56%), indicating that the propagating reaction is mediated by free ions. Thus, regardless of solvent polarity, or involvement of free ions or ion pairs, living cationic polymerization requires a suitably nucleophilic counteranion. As model reactions of the growing species, 1/ZnCl2 and 1/EtAlCl2 were directly analyzed by H-1 NMR spectroscopy.