Malignant melanoma

Malignant melanoma is an aggressive skin cancer that originates from cells of the melanocytic lineage and is associated with an invasive growth pattern and early spread. Besides endogenous risk factors such as fair skin type or genetic disposition for the formation of multiple nevi, exposure to ultraviolet light is the most important exogenous risk factor. Treatment of patients with primary tumors includes the complete excision of the primary lesion with appropriate safety margins and in patients with an increased risk of metastasis sentinel lymph node excision. Prognostically significant parameters are the Breslow invasion depth, ulceration of the primary lesion, and sentinel lymph node status. Systemic therapy plays an important role in the adjuvant setting and for inoperable tumors. Depending on the indication and the molecular profile of the tumor tissue, immune checkpoint inhibitors or targeted kinase inhibitors can be used and may result in a significant prolongation of survival times.