Drag reduction of ship airflow using steady Coanda effect

This paper studies the steady Coanda effect for reducing the aerodynamic drag of the Chalmers ship model (CSM) using Large Eddy Simulation (LES) with Wall-Adapting Local-Eddy Viscosity (WALE) model. The flow control mechanism is explored, and the analysis of energy efficiency is conducted to evaluate the net benefit of the flow control. Validating the numerical methods, the predicted aerodynamic drag of the ship and pressure coefficients distribution on the baseline CSM agree well with the experimental measurements and the maximum discrepancy is 4.2%. In creating the flow control models, the hanger base of the baseline CSM is modified with a Coanda surface and two different sizes of jet-blowing slots, 1%h (hanger height) and 2%h, respectively. A drag reduction of 5.34% is achieved by the 1%h slot-size case. The 2%h slot-size case further increases the drag reduction to 6.22% but has doubled power consumption. It is found that vectoring vorticity towards the low-speed area on deck is effective for enhancing the energization. Finally, the analysis of energy efficiency indicates that the net benefit is achieved in both flow control cases, and the case with the 1% h slot size is 11.9% more efficient due to a stronger Coanda effect.